Web design simple information

If you know Python and PHP the best way to get started would be to pick a framework you're comfortable with and go trough one of their tutorials Both Django and CakePHP have a good "getting started" tutorial. Both tutorials require basic knowledge of their programming languages.

Writing your first Django app, part 1 CakePHP Cookbook v2.x documentation

When you're done with the tutorial try modifying the apps to add more features.

I would recommend you start with Django.

Static Websites

Static websites are just text files (HTML) stored on a server. A web server (nginx, apache) is a piece of software that listens for requests for files. When a request is made, the server finds the file and sends it back to the client or gives a 404 error if no file was found.